for
for (init; condition; increment){
// statements
}
Description
Executes the enclosed block of statements in a loop controlled by three expressions:
- init: Executed once before the loop begins. Typically used to initialize a counter variable.
- condition: Evaluated before each iteration. If true, the body executes. If false, the loop terminates.
- increment: Executed after each iteration of the body. Typically used to update the counter.
All three parts are optional:
- for(;;) creates an infinite loop (equivalent to while(true)).
- Omitting the condition is treated as always true.
The break keyword can be used inside the loop body to exit the loop prematurely.
Special Keywords
- break - Exits the for loop immediately, regardless of the condition.
Example
void main()
{
// Basic counting loop
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
Print(i);
}
// Output: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
// Prefix increment
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
{
Print(i);
}
// Output: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
// Infinite loop with break
int x = 0;
for (;;)
{
if (x == 3)
{
break;
}
Print(x);
x++;
}
// Output: 0, 1, 2
// Sum calculation
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
{
sum += i;
}
// sum == 55
// Decrement loop
for (int i = 10; i > 0; i--)
{
Print(i);
}
// Output: 10, 9, 8, ..., 1
}